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Wheel weight is generally the biggest factor, the road contact patch, rolling resistance, wind resistance, kind of in that order.
Lucid Gravity 21” rear is 8.6” contact patch to road, rear 23” is 10” contact, both tires 285 wide.
Food for thought.
I do find it odd that Lucid gives the same EPA range for the 22/23" wheels and the 21/22" wheels.
The rear tread width of the Michelin Primacies on the mid-size wheel option is 8.9" compared to the 10" of the Pirelli PZ5's on the large wheel option. The mid-size wheels, with their air blade inserts, also seem to be a more aerodynamic design. (However, in an interview Derek Jenkins was asked why the large wheels did not offer aero blades, and he said that their testing showed only a small range penalty to stay with the open design.)
According to Pirelli, one of the design goals of the P Zero PZ5 was to reduce rolling resistance over the PZ4 which is on earlier Lucids. Maybe they succeeded enough to offset some of the other factors in play.
But for the EPA figures to be identical? All I can figure is what Tom Moloughney mentioned -- that the EPA allows manufacturers to certify one tire/wheel combo and assign its rating to other combos, perhaps if they fall within a certain range of each other. That could be why the mid-size and large wheel combos can show the same EPA rating, but they cannot use the rating of the small wheel combo, as the gap was too wide.
I have to assume the mid-size and large wheels are very close, as the difference in the 5-seat and 7-seat configurations was enough to have to be reflected in different EPA ratings (due probably to that convoluted 500-lb tiering in weight classes discussed here earlier).