Follow-up:
My return home ended up being in much warmer temperatures for most of the trip, as high as 41F, as low as 31F, mostly around 37 - 38F. I averaged about 3.66 m/kWh. I won't write much about the return trip because the conditions were not unusually cold.
One thing that may be interesting: I mentioned earlier that I was plugged in over about a 48 hour period via the mobile charger on a 110v outlet, equating to about 1 kWh of charge. The battery started from about 40% SoC when I arrived and plugged-in, and the temperatures were fluctuating over day and night between the mid 30s F, and as low as 15 F.
I had figured that keeping the car plugged in at such a low rate of charge might keep the battery warm enough to stay out of the "power limited due to cold battery" state, and to eventually get the car back up to nearly 90% SoC (e.g. from 40% to 85 - 90% over 48 hours). In reality, it got me to about 71%. I'm not sure if much of the 1kWh going to the car was being spent keeping the battery a little warmer, or if being as cold as 15F is rate limiting even to a 1 kWh source of charge. I'd be interested to understand how the car is intended / programmed to behave in such conditions. Is this expected or unexpected behavior.
As with the first leg of the trip, the car got much worse efficiency for the first 10 - 15 minutes of my travel with the battery relatively cold, and then improved greatly (presumably, as the battery warmed and/or as the outside temperature went up).
Soup to nuts for a 2025 AGT with 19" stock tires / wheels, with panels installed:
- In temperatures between 10 and 25'ish F, I observed worst case efficiencies of about 2 kWh with 3 occupants at 75-82 mph, altitudes between about 4000 and 5200 ft.
- I observed average efficiency for a ~210 mile car trip at those same speeds to be about 3.14 m/kWh
- The car climate control was set to 65F, seat warmers were mostly off, steering wheel heat was off, and stereo was playing a low volume
- In temperatures between 31 and 41F on the same trip done in reverse, the car averaged around 3.66 m/kWh at the same speeds and internal climate / stereo conditions.
- There was also one less occupant in the car (2, instead of 3).
- Cold temperatures (15 was about the lowest observed) seemed to effectuate charge rate limiting, when charging even with only a 1 kWh source, by approximately 33%, over a 48 hour period.
- No idea if a 1 kWh source has a substantial effect on keeping the battery warmer, in such conditions
- No idea if the rate limiting was a matter of the source energy being used for warming the battery, or was based on some other factor.